As an archaeologist, I study the past focusing on ice age ecology and technology. But the one thing that fascinates me the most is the interaction between ancient humans and wolves, which, of course, led to the domestication of the dog.

For over 20,000 years, humans bred dogs to hunt, guard, herd and more. It’s like we’ve been engineering the ultimate tool, one that can understand commands, bonds with us emotionally, and ever-adapts to our lives.

When ancient humans bred dogs for specialized tasks, they were actually genetically altering these animals to create specialized tools. These tools came in every size, shape and color, designed for anything from herding sheep, to family companionship.

As societies evolved, so did dogs. Classical civilizations like Rome used dogs in war and as status symbols. Wealthy Romans imported exotic breeds as a show of wealth and power. Similar to ancient China, with its unique breeds like the Shih Tzu or the Chow Chow.

Hunting dogs have always been vital. The ancient Ainu of Japan hunted boar with dogs, while European royalty bred hounds like Spaniels and Beagles for the chase. And before horses were reintroduced to the Americas by the Spanish, indigenous Americans used dogs to carry and pull loads for millennia.

Today, dogs still work alongside us. They guide the visually impaired, reduce anxiety, and even lay with dying patients in hospice care. Their bond with us has lasted millenia, testament to how this bond shaped both species. Dogs aren’t just pets, they’re a living piece of human history, and one of our greatest inventions.